Sains Malaysiana 52(11)(2023): 3091-3102

http://doi.org/10.17576/jsm-2023-5211-06

The Effects of Light and a Combination of Growth Regulators on the Induction of Somatic Embryogenesis in Orchid Rhynchostylis gigantea (LindI.) Ridl.

(Kesan Cahaya dan Gabungan Pengawalatur Pertumbuhan terhadap Induksi Embriogenesis Somatik pada Orkid Rhynchostylis gigantea (LindI.) Ridl.)

SRI RIANAWATI^1,*, DASUMIATI², NUR AMELIA RAHMI², RIDHO KURNIATI¹ & ENUNG SRI MULYANINGSIH³

¹Research Center for Horticultural and Estate Crops, National Research and Innovation Agency (BRIN). Jalan Raya Bogor Km. 46, Cibinong 16911, Jawa Barat, Indonesia

²Departement of Biology, UIN Syarif Hidayatullah, JalanIr. H. Djuanda No. 95, Ciputat, Tangerang Selatan, 15412, Banten, Indonesia

³Research Center for Genetic Engineering, National Research and Innovation Agency (BRIN), Jalan Raya Bogor Km. 46, Cibinong 16911, Jawa Barat, Indonesia

Received: 13 December 2022/Accepted: 6 November 2023

Abstract

The squirrel-tail orchid (Rhynchostylis gigantea) belongs to the Orchidaceae family. This orchid is indigenous to Southeast Asia and is scented and arranged in a bouquet of dangling stems. Its uniqueness makes it commercially desirable. In vitro culture has been utilized for orchid proliferation for a very long time to aid in the development of orchid seedlings. However, not all orchid species react the same way. Through somatic embryogenesis without gamete fusion, in vitro culture techniques can produce new plants during the entire embryonic phase. Endogenous and exogenous hormones, as well as light, influence the success of embryogenesis. Determining the optimal environmental parameters (light, combination and concentration of growth regulators, and their interaction) for inducing somatic embryogenesis from leaf explants in R. gigantea is the purpose of the present study. The leaves of R. gigantea clone 19 were utilized as explants in this investigation, utilizing a completely random factorial design. The first factor is a combination of growth regulator types and concentrations, and the second factor is light. Explants that are alive and growing at a rapid rate indicate that the in vitro culture is successful. Light and the combination of growth regulators significantly affected the percentage of viable explants, the beginning date of callus formation, and the number of embryogenic calluses produced. The interaction of two components (light and a combination of growth regulators) did not affect the three characteristics, with the exception of the proportion of somatic embryogenesis. Incubation in the dark is the optimal environment for initiating somatic embryogenesis in explants. The optimal combination of plant growth regulators for inducing somatic embryogenesis was 0.5 mgL^-1 TDZ and 0.1 mgL^-1 BAP. Bright light and a concentration of 1.0 mgL^-1 TDZ + 0.1 mgL^-1 BAP were the optimal interaction conditions for the induction of somatic embryogenesis in R. gigantea.

Keywords: Dark; light; Rhynchostylis gigantea; somatic embryo

Abstrak

Orkid Rhynchostylis gigantea ialah ahli famili Orchidaceae Orkid ini berasal dari Asia Tenggara, wangi dan tersusun dalam sejambak batang berjuntai.  Keunikan menjadikan item itu diingini secara komersial. Kultur in vitro telah digunakan untuk pembiakan orkid untuk masa yang sangat lama untuk membantu dalam pembangunan anak benih orkid. Walau bagaimanapun, tidak semua spesies orkid bertindak balas dengan cara yang sama. Melalui embriogenesis somatik tanpa gabungan gamet, teknik kultur in vitro boleh menghasilkan tumbuhan baharu semasa keseluruhan fasa embrio. Hormon endogen dan eksogen, serta cahaya, mempengaruhi kejayaan embriogenesis. Menentukan parameter persekitaran optimum (cahaya, gabungan dan kepekatan pengawalatur pertumbuhan dan interaksinya) untuk mendorong embriogenesis somatik daripada eksplan daun dalam R. gigantea adalah tujuan kajian ini. Daun klon R. gigantea 19 telah digunakan sebagai eksplan dalam kajian ini, menggunakan reka bentuk faktorial rawak sepenuhnya. Faktor pertama ialah gabungan jenis dan kepekatan pengawalatur pertumbuhan dan faktor kedua ialah cahaya. Eksplan yang hidup dan berkembang pada kadar yang cepat menunjukkan bahawa kultur in vitro berjaya. Faktor cahaya dan gabungan pengawalatur pertumbuhan memberi kesan ketara kepada peratusan eksplan yang berdaya maju, masa permulaan kalus dan bahagian kalus embriogenik yang dihasilkan. Interaksi dua komponen (cahaya dan gabungan pengawalatur pertumbuhan) tidak mempunyai kesan ke atas ketiga-tiga ciri ini, dengan pengecualian bahagian embriogenesis somatik. Pengeraman dalam gelap adalah persekitaran yang optimum untuk memulakan embriogenesis somatik dalam eksplan. Gabungan optimum pengawalatur pertumbuhan tumbuhan untuk mendorong embriogenesis somatik ialah 0.5 mgL^-1 TDZ dan 0.1 mgL^-1 BAP. Cahaya terang dan kepekatan 1.0 mgL^-1 TDZ + 0.1 mgL^-1 BAP adalah keadaan interaksi optimum untuk induksi embriogenesis somatik dalam R. gigantea.

Kata kunci: Embrio somatik; gelap; Rhynchostylis gigantea; terang

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*Corresponding author; email: ­srir015@brin.go.id